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BrowserLauncher.java

package edu.virtualschool.jwaa.swing;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class BrowserLauncher 
{

  private static int jvm;

  private static Object browser;

  private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;

  private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;

  private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;

  private static Class aeDescClass;
  
  private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;
  
  private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;
  
  private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;
  
  private static Method findFolder;

  private static Method getFileCreator;
  
  private static Method getFileType;
  
  private static Method openURL;
  
  private static Method makeOSType;
  
  private static Method putParameter;
  
  private static Method sendNoReply;
  
  private static Object kSystemFolderType;

  private static Integer keyDirectObject;

  private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;
  
  private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;

  private static Object linkage;
  
//  private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";

  private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;
  
  private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;

  private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;
  
  private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;

  private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;
  
  private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;

  private static final int OTHER = -1;

  private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";

  private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";

  private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";

    private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";
    
    private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";
    
    private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";
  
  private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
  private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "'openURL(";
  private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")'";
  
  private static String errorMessage;

  static {
    loadedWithoutErrors = true;
    String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
    if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {
      String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
      String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
      try {
        double version = Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
        if (version == 2) {
          jvm = MRJ_2_0;
        } else if (version >= 2.1 && version < 3) {
          // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ work the same.  MRJ 2.1 actually
          // works via Runtime.exec() and 2.2 supports that but has an openURL() method
          // as well that we currently ignore.
          jvm = MRJ_2_1;
        } else if (version == 3.0) {
          jvm = MRJ_3_0;
        } else if (version >= 3.1) {
          // Assume that all 3.1 and later versions of MRJ work the same.
          jvm = MRJ_3_1;
        } else {
          loadedWithoutErrors = false;
          errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ version: " + version;
        }
      } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
        loadedWithoutErrors = false;
        errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + mrjVersion;
      }
    } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
      if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1) {
        jvm = WINDOWS_9x;
      } else {
        jvm = WINDOWS_NT;
      }
    } else {
      jvm = OTHER;
    }
    
    if (loadedWithoutErrors) {  // if we haven't hit any errors yet
      loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
    }
  }

  private BrowserLauncher() { }
  
  private static boolean loadClasses() {
    switch (jvm) {
      case MRJ_2_0:
        try {
          Class aeTargetClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
          Class osUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
          Class appleEventClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
          Class aeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
          aeDescClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");

          aeTargetConstructor = aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class [] { int.class });
          appleEventConstructor = appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { int.class, int.class, aeTargetClass, int.class, int.class });
          aeDescConstructor = aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });

          makeOSType = osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("makeOSType", new Class [] { String.class });
          putParameter = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("putParameter", new Class[] { int.class, aeDescClass });
          sendNoReply = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("sendNoReply", new Class[] { });

          Field keyDirectObjectField = aeClass.getDeclaredField("keyDirectObject");
          keyDirectObject = (Integer) keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
          Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAutoGenerateReturnID");
          kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) autoGenerateReturnIDField.get(null);
          Field anyTransactionIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAnyTransactionID");
          kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
          errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
          errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
          return false;
        }
        break;
      case MRJ_2_1:
        try {
          mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
          mrjOSTypeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
          Field systemFolderField = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField("kSystemFolderType");
          kSystemFolderType = systemFolderField.get(null);
          findFolder = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("findFolder", new Class[] { mrjOSTypeClass });
          getFileCreator = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileCreator", new Class[] { File.class });
          getFileType = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileType", new Class[] { File.class });
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
          errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
          errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
          errorMessage = se.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
          return false;
        }
        break;
      case MRJ_3_0:
          try {
          Class linker = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
          Constructor constructor = linker.getConstructor(new Class[]{ Class.class });
          linkage = constructor.newInstance(new Object[] { BrowserLauncher.class });
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
          errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
          errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
          errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
          return false;
        }
        break;
      case MRJ_3_1:
        try {
          mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
          openURL = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("openURL", new Class[] { String.class });
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
          return false;
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
          errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
          return false;
        }
        break;
      default:
          break;
    }
    return true;
  }

  private static Object locateBrowser() {
    if (browser != null) {
      return browser;
    }
    switch (jvm) {
      case MRJ_2_0:
        try {
          Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { FINDER_CREATOR });
          Object aeTarget = aeTargetConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { finderCreatorCode });
          Integer gurlType = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { GURL_EVENT });
          Object appleEvent = appleEventConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget, kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID });
          // Don't set browser = appleEvent because then the next time we call
          // locateBrowser(), we'll get the same AppleEvent, to which we'll already have
          // added the relevant parameter. Instead, regenerate the AppleEvent every time.
          // There's probably a way to do this better; if any has any ideas, please let
          // me know.
          return appleEvent;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
          return browser;
        } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
          return browser;
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
          return browser;
        }
      case MRJ_2_1:
        File systemFolder;
        try {
          systemFolder = (File) findFolder.invoke(null, new Object[] { kSystemFolderType });
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
          return browser;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
          return browser;
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
          browser = null;
          errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
          return browser;
        }
        String[] systemFolderFiles = systemFolder.list();
        // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be stopped mid-list
        for(int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; i++) {
          try {
            File file = new File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
            if (!file.isFile()) {
              continue;
            }
            // We're looking for a file with a creator code of 'MACS' and
            // a type of 'FNDR'.  Only requiring the type results in non-Finder
            // applications being picked up on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
            // especially German ones, and sending a GURL event to those
            // applications results in a logout under Multiple Users.
            Object fileType = getFileType.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
            if (FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString())) {
              Object fileCreator = getFileCreator.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
              if (FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString())) {
                browser = file.toString();  // Actually the Finder, but that's OK
                return browser;
              }
            }
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
            errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
            return null;
          } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
            browser = null;
            errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
            return browser;
          } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
            browser = null;
            errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
            return browser;
          }
        }
        browser = null;
        break;
      case MRJ_3_0:
      case MRJ_3_1:
        browser = ""; // Return something non-null
        break;
      case WINDOWS_NT:
        browser = "cmd.exe";
        break;
      case WINDOWS_9x:
        browser = "command.com";
        break;
      case OTHER:
      default:
        browser = "netscape";
        break;
    }
    return browser;
  }

  public static void openURL(String url) throws IOException {
    if (!loadedWithoutErrors) {
      throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: " + errorMessage);
    }
    Object browser = locateBrowser();
    if (browser == null) {
      throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + errorMessage);
    }
    
    switch (jvm) {
      case MRJ_2_0:
        Object aeDesc = null;
        try {
          aeDesc = aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { url });
          putParameter.invoke(browser, new Object[] { keyDirectObject, aeDesc });
          sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new Object[] { });
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
          throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while creating AEDesc: " + ite.getMessage());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while building AppleEvent: " + iae.getMessage());
        } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
          throw new IOException("InstantiationException while creating AEDesc: " + ie.getMessage());
        } finally {
          aeDesc = null;  // Encourage it to get disposed if it was created
          browser = null; // Ditto
        }
        break;
      case MRJ_2_1:
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url } );
        break;
      case MRJ_3_0:
        int[] instance = new int[1];
        int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
        if (result == 0) {
          int[] selectionStart = new int[] { 0 };
          byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
          int[] selectionEnd = new int[] { urlBytes.length };
          result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new byte[] { 0 }, urlBytes,
                      urlBytes.length, selectionStart,
                      selectionEnd);
          if (result == 0) {
            // Ignore the return value; the URL was launched successfully
            // regardless of what happens here.
            ICStop(instance);
          } else {
            throw new IOException("Unable to launch URL: " + result);
          }
        } else {
          throw new IOException("Unable to create an Internet Config instance: " + result);
        }
        break;
      case MRJ_3_1:
        try {
          openURL.invoke(null, new Object[] { url });
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
          throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while calling openURL: " + ite.getMessage());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
          throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while calling openURL: " + iae.getMessage());
        }
        break;
        case WINDOWS_NT:
        case WINDOWS_9x:
          // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
          // characters to work.
        Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser,
                                FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                                SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                                THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                                '"' + url + '"' });
        // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on Windows.
        // That's hinted at in <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
        try {
          process.waitFor();
          process.exitValue();
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
          throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
        }
        break;
      case OTHER:
        // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape is installed
        
        // First, attempt to open the URL in a currently running session of Netscape
        process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser,
                          NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
                          NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START +
                          url +
                          NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END });
        try {
          int exitCode = process.waitFor();
          if (exitCode != 0) {  // if Netscape was not open
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
          }
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
          throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
        }
        break;
      default:
        // This should never occur, but if it does, we'll try the simplest thing possible
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
        break;
    }
  }

  private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
  private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
  private native static int ICLaunchURL(int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] data, int len,
                      int[] selectionStart, int[] selectionEnd);
}